Josef Matthias Hauer (19 March 1883 – 22 September 1959) was an Austrian composer and music theorist. He is most famous for developing, independent of and years before Arnold Schönberg, a method for composing with all 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Hauer was born in Wiener Neustadt and died in Vienna. He had an early musical training which included zither, cello, choral conducting, and organ, but evidently did not include theory and composition, for he claimed that he was self-taught.

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